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ATM基因是PI3K（phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase）家族的成员之一，当正常细胞的DNA发生断裂时，ATM蛋白可激活DNA修复机制，使受损的DNA恢复同时参与细胞周期的控制。ATM基因是与DNA损伤检验有关的一个重要基因。ATM基因剔除小鼠是研究基因突变机制、放射损伤、肿瘤发生、衰老等疾病机制的工具小鼠。
ATM,CHK1和CHK2对p53進行磷酸化，活化的p53去活化其他的基因，而這些相关的基因与G1-S/CDK和S/CDK调控细胞周期并修复DNA的损伤，如果DNA损伤过于严重，则启动细胞凋亡程序。ATM或ATR等PI3K家系成员会合组蛋白H2AX以最直接的方式或最快的速率与损伤点接触，形成一种结构信号分子。ATM分子能以γ-H2AX一样的速度积累并形成聚集的点。
ATM基因参与细胞DNA修复、周期调控的信号通路总结如图。
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| 相关文章 |
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